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US electricity, fuel to sector, 2001 to 2025

US electricity generation as flows from fuel to producer sector, in gigawatt hours, from the EIA. · updated Jul 2026

About this statistic

US electricity, fuel to sector stood at 912,595 in 2025, down 4.3% on the previous period.

US electricity generation drawn as a flow diagram: each band runs from a fuel (natural gas, coal, nuclear, wind) to the sector that generated with it (electric utilities or independent power producers), sized by gigawatt hours in the latest year shown.

How it is measured

The figures come from the Energy Information Administration's Form EIA-923 survey, which reports net generation by fuel, state, and producer sector. Utility-scale plants of one megawatt and larger are covered; the chart reads each fuel-and-sector pair as one flow and sizes the band by its annual generation.

What the chart shows

The sankey answers a question the fuel-mix chart cannot: WHO burns each fuel. Independent power producers, the competitive merchant fleet, carry most of the gas and wind generation, while the traditional utility fleet keeps a larger share of coal and nuclear. Band widths shift year to year with the same energy transition visible in the mix chart, and the period scrub in the editor replays it.

Frequently asked questions
What are the two sectors?
Electric utilities are the traditional regulated companies serving customers directly; independent power producers are merchant generators selling into wholesale markets. The EIA also tracks commercial and industrial self-generation, smaller flows omitted here for readability.
Do the bands show shares or amounts?
Amounts: each band's thickness is that fuel-to-sector pair's net generation in gigawatt hours for the chosen year. Comparing thicknesses gives the shares.
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US electricity, fuel to sector — Kitegraph